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Occasions for the Creation of (Late) Medieval Compositions

Birgit Lodes

“For compositions from the (late) Middle Ages, it is rarely possible to determine exact creation dates or even occasions. Such localizations are most likely to be successful in the realm of the so-called “State Motet” when specific names or events are mentioned in the Latin texts specifically composed for the occasion (» D. Isaac und Maximilians Zeremonien, » I. Isaac’s Amazonas, » D. Albrecht II. und Friedrich III.). In contrast, it is extremely rare to determine the occasions for compositions of the Ordinarium Missae (“Mass settings”). Due to the fixed liturgical text, they are generally suitable for any Mass celebration that is to be performed polyphonically.

Nevertheless, there are ways to narrow down the creation time of a composition—such as codicologically—and to make statements about which days a Mass might have been appropriately performed by using specific textual and musical material. The use of a liturgical melody (e.g., for Easter, Christmas, Marian feasts, certain saints) as a cantus firmus can refer to the liturgical context for which the setting was created. Sometimes it is even possible to establish a connection to precisely datable Mass foundations in this way.[2]

In this manner, a contextualization for Jacob Obrecht’s Missa Salve diva parens will be proposed in the following, and the underlying circumstantial evidence will be presented—knowing, of course, that this can only ever be a well-founded hypothesis, never a “proof.” However, this example will also demonstrate that such (hypothetical) localizations open up perspectives for new interpretations.

[1] Cf. Dunning 1970.

[2]Reinhard Strohm can plausibly connect the creation of two Obrecht masses with foundations in Bruges (Strohm 1985], 40 f., 146 f.). For Obrecht’s Missa Sub tuum presidium, see » J. Körper und Seele.